Erich Angermann

Erich Angermann, 65, died on November 10, 1992, near Munich, just after retiring from his professorship at the University of Cologne, where he had directed the Anglo-American Institute for twenty years. His outlook and scholarship were shaped by his father and a teacher, Franz Schnabel, with whom he did his Ph.D. in 1952. A Festschrift honoring his academic accomplishments contains a bibliography of his contributions to a German-European perspective on U.S. history. His wife, Ursula, survives him. Angermann's scholarly work contributed to the founding of the German Historical Institute in Washington, D.C., in 1987. The Institute is a fitting reminder of his dedication to the cooperation between historians in Germany and the United States.

Gunther Barth
University of California, Berkeley

Vernon Carstensen

Vernon Carstensen, emeritus professor of history at the University of Washington, died on October 20, 1992, after a long illness. Dr. Carstensen was born in Cherokee County, Iowa, in 1907, and the history of the land and those who worked it were always at the center of his historical concerns. He received his B.A. from Iowa State Teachers college in 1928 and his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1936. He taught at Central Washington University and at the University of Wisconsin for nearly twenty years before coming to the University of Washington in 1964. Professor Carstensen was a founding member of the Western History Association and served as its president in 1981–81. He also served as president of the Agricultural History Association in 1958–59. He was the author or coauthor of three books, a meticulous researcher, and a skilled editor. He edited Agricultural History and the Pacific Northwest Quarterly, and served on the Board of Editors of the Journal of American History. The Alice Smith Graduate Fellowship at the University of Wisconsin will be renamed the Alice Smith-Vernon Carstensen Fellowship in his honor.

Richard White
University of Washington

Luis De Albuquerque

Luis De Albuquerque died in Lisbon on January 22, 1992. Dr. de Albuquerque, 74, was a leading authority on Portuguese discoveries and the European expansion. Born in Lisbon, he began a career in mathematics as a lecturer at the University of Coimbra, where in 1939 the acquisition of the library of Joaquim de Bensa£de turned his mind to the scientific problems of navigation and cartography. His natural good sense and wide reading immunized him against excessive nationalism: his own case was for the primacy of the Portuguese in taking to the seas and in adapting technical advances to practical use. His gentle irony was not unappreciated by students—after a 1982 UNESCO conference to deduce the motive of Portuguese exploration, he pointed out that at the end of the week nobody had answered the question. He served as civil governor of the district of Coimbra, but late in life disowned membership in any political party. He was content to hold that the mark of a true historian was the belief that he might be wrong. He was named an Honorary Member of the American Historical Association in 1990.

H.V. Livermore

John L. Eiklor

John L. Eiklor, 65, of Cedar Falls, Iowa, died October 27, 1992, from complications of heart surgery. Dr. Eiklor was born in 1927 in Chicago. He served with the U.S. Navy in the Pacific during World War II. He went to the University of Wichita for his B.A., and then to Northwestern for his M.A. and his Ph.D., which he received in 1963. Before coming to the University of Northern Iowa in 1963, he had taught at the University of Maryland in the Overseas Program in Germany, Crete, Libya, and Turkey. He was serving as professor in the history department of the University of Northern Iowa at the time of his death. Survivors include his wife, a daughter, and his mother.

Addeene Eiklor

John Tracy Ellis

John Tracy Ellis, 87, died on October 16, 1992. A meticulous scholar and genteel churchman, Ellis guided the development of American Catholic history with an abiding concern for solid scholarship. As professor of American church history at The Catholic University of America and editor of The Catholic Historical Review, Ellis deepened the institutional church's interest in its own history and the larger academic community's interest in American Catholicism. His efforts earned him the unofficial title of "Dean of American Catholic History."

Ellis was born in Seneca, Illinois, in 1905. He received his B.A. degree from St. Viator Academy and College in 1927, and his Ph.D. in 1930 from Catholic University. Deciding to become a priest, Ellis returned to the university in 1935 to begin theological studies, and received an appointment to the faculty following his ordination in 1938. In 1941, Ellis succeeded Monsignor Peter Guilday as executive secretary of the Catholic Historical Association and editor of The Catholic Historical Review. Throughout his career, Ellis sought to open church archives to researchers, and to persuade reluctant bishops and church administrators to open their files and end their defensive reaction to historical scholarship. A prodigious scholar, Ellis produced some 246 books, articles, and reviews in the thirty-five years of his active career, including his most famous work, The Life of James Cardinal Gibbons, Archbishop of Baltimore, 1834–1921.

Rev. Paul Robichaud, C.S.P.
The Catholic University of America

Carol Bondhus Fitzgerald

Carol Bondhus Fitzgerald, chief of Readers' Services at the Mina Rees Library of The Graduate School and University Center of The City of New York, died December 22, 1992, at the age of 51. She held the M.A. from both New York University and Columbia University, and was a member of the Center for the Study of the Presidency and the Presidency Research Group of the American Political Science Association. A specialist in U.S. presidential bibliography, Professor Fitzgerald was series editor of several ongoing multivolume bibliographies and had worked with Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., to prepare a bibliography of his work. She is survived by her husband and four children.

Frank Freidel

Frank Freidel, professor of history at Harvard University and University of Washington in Seattle, and renowned biographer of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, succumbed to pneumonia January 25, 1993. Born in 1917, Freidel grew up in Plattsburgh, New York, and California. He earned the B.A. and the M.A. degrees from the University of Southern California, and received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1942.

He obtained his first teaching position at Shurtleff College in 1941, followed by appointments at colleges and universities around the country and at Oxford University, before joining the Harvard faculty in 1955. He was named Charles Warren Professor of American History in 1972, from which he retired in 1981, and was appointed Bullitt Professor of American History at the University of Washington, Seattle. He returned to the Harvard faculty as professor emeritus in 1986.

Freidel, a specialist in political history, is best known for his six books on Franklin Delano Roosevelt, including his last book, Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Rendezvous with Destiny. He also authored or edited numerous textbooks, document collections, and book series, including the Harvard Guide to American History.

His honors included appointment as a fellow at the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and election to the presidency of the Organization of American Historians and the New England Historical Association. He is survived by his mother, Edith M. Freidel of Orange, California; his second wife, the former Madeleine Bicskey, to whom he was married in 1956; four daughters; three sons; and eight grandchildren.

Albert Hourani

Albert Hourani, 77, died on January 17, 1993. A doyen of Middle Eastern studies, an author, and a teacher and advisor to a wide-ranging international audience, Dr. Hourani was born in Manchester, England, of Lebanese parents. He graduated from Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1936. He then taught two years at the American University of Beirut, and in 1939 joined the research department at the Foreign Office Research Department. After several years in Cairo and time as a researcher-writer at the Arab Office in Jerusalem and London, he returned in 1948 to Oxford to accept a fellowship at Magdalen College. Three years later he took the post of first university lecturer in the modern history of the Near East. In 1958, he moved to St. Antony's College to become director of its newly created Middle East Center. His publications include Syria and Lebanon (1946), Minorities in the Arab World (1947), Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age (1962), and The History of the Arab Peoples (1991), which became a bestseller. He was made Commander of the British Empire, received the Levi Della Vida medal from the University of California in Los Angeles, and was named an Honorary Foreign Member of the American Historical Association in 1988.

Leila Fawaz
Tufts University

George Frederick Elliot Rudé

George Frederick Elliot Rudé, renowned British social historian and professor emeritus at Concordia University in Montreal, died on January 8, 1993, at the age of 82. Professor Rudé received his B.A. in modern languages at Cambridge in 1931 but, after taking up the study of history at the University of London during the war years, he completed his Ph.D. in 1950 with research on Parisian workers in the French Revolution. The author of fifteen books, Rudé was a pioneer in the development of class struggle analysis and "history from below." Frozen out of British universities by the climate of the Cold War, he commenced his professorial career in Australia at the University of Adelaide and Flinders University, later teaching in North America at Concordia University. In Montreal, Rudé founded the InterUniversity Centre for European Studies to foster exchanges between the English and French branches of Canadian scholarship. Also, he held visiting professorships at Columbia University, the College of William and Mary, and the University of Tokyo. In honor of his scholarly and pedagogical contributions, his former Australian students established the "George Rudé Seminar." Rudé's works include Revolutionary Europe, Robespierre, The Crowd in the French Revolution, and Captain Swing. His last book, The French Revolution, was published for the bicentennial of that event. Dr. Rudé is survived by his wife of fifty-two years, Doreen.

Harvey J. Kaye
University of Wisconsin-Green Bay